The Value of a Composable Digital Twin
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Posted on March 11, 2021 by Pieter van Schalkwyk
2020 will go down in history as one of the most disruptive, uncertain, and transformative years for people and organizations worldwide. Or, as one of my learned friends explained, “overnight it exposed the systemic fragility in the operating capabilities of enterprises and organizations”.
Many experts have commented on the unprecedented acceleration of digital technology adoption and the behavioral transformation in business that was activated during the pandemic. Five years of Digital Transformation happened in less than five months, according to industry analysts.
Some organizations were able to adjust quickly and exploit opportunities from the turmoil. In contrast, others are still paralyzed by rigid business systems and processes that are typical of traditional enterprise architecture approaches.
The future reality is that the rate of change will only increase. Professor Peter Frisk, who specializes in “innovative business future”, says that we will see more change in the next 10 years than in the last 250.
Traditional enterprise models were designed when computerized business was still in its infancy. IT was a department that supplied and supported servers, desktops, and notebooks to business users. IT improved business efficiency, but it wasn’t the platform for business. Technology was slow-changing and siloed organizational structures reflected the rigid, hierarchical approach to organizing people and work.
But the pace of business changed in correlation with the rate of change as Peter Frisk’s graph points out. The average lifespan of companies has fallen from 75 years in 1950 to 15 years today; 52% of the Fortune 500 in 2000 were gone by 2020. The traditional enterprise has not kept up with the demands of fast-paced emerging technologies like Digital Twins, Internet of Things (IoT), Distributed Ledgers, AI, Quantum Computing, and a smorgasbord of high-impact technologies. These innovative technologies drive changes in new products, services and the new business models needed to support them.
The pace of change requires agile and resilient enterprise architectures that enable multi-disciplinary teams to be highly responsive in exploiting business events in an innovative way. It still, however, needs to have guardrails to protect the organization from unnecessary risk.
The keynote at Gartner’s 2020 ITxpo introduced the concept of a Composable Enterprise that enable teams that combine business and IT to compose new “fit for purpose” applications in a fraction of the time that it takes in traditional software development processes. Gartner predicts that “by 2023, organizations that have adopted an intelligent composable approach will outpace the competition by 80% in the speed of new feature implementation.” [1]
The Composable Enterprise is powered by Composable Business Applications. Digital Twins, in turn, are a class of this Composable Business Applications that deliver specific high-value business capabilities in the Composable Enterprise. Digital Twins can compose and package these high-value capabilities in what Gartner refers to as PBCs or Packaged Business Capability.
To better understand Composable Digital Twins (CDT) and their value to the organization, it is worth exploring Composable Business Applications in more detail.
Traditional 3-tiered business applications were hierarchically structured with a data layer at the base, an application logic layer in the middle, and a user interface layer at the top. The introduction of service-oriented architecture (SOA), APIs and micro-services provided some flexibility, but traditional business applications still reflect this rigid design pattern. Changes to business logic are compiled into the larger codebase of the application and rely on specialized developers to make changes at any of the three layers of the business application.
The reference model describes the key components necessary to create Composable Business Applications for your Composable Enterprise. I highly recommend that you read the reference model document by Gartner, but I will highlight a few elements related to composing digital twins using this approach.
Reference Model for Intelligent Composable Business Applications (https://www.gartner.com/document/3991699)
Composable business applications use a modular approach to compose and recompose applications quickly to address a specific problem at that point in time. An Application Composition Platform composes Packaged Business Capabilities (PBC) around specific user Application Experiences that address a particular business need. It uses PBCs as building blocks to create a highly relevant application without superfluous capabilities that never get used. Think of your ERP or CRM solutions and how many of the features actually get used.
Composable Business Applications use Application, Data, and Analytics PBCs through a Low Code Application Composition Platform to integrate, compose, orchestrate and provide a tailored user experience that focus on the critical business outcomes for the application. Applications can be composed and recomposed quickly by subject matter experts. This provides a high level of agility and flexibility to address new business challenges. A reliability engineer can, for example, create a predictive maintenance solution around a key asset that is suddenly impacting production capability due to a change in operating conditions or supply chain intelligence. The solution can be composed in a matter of days, in stark contrast to the traditional model that may take months or even years to deploy a solution like this.
PBCs enable the engineer to use sophisticated business capabilities without being an expert in data integration, predictive analytics, or digital twins. These capabilities are pre-packaged and available in a low code environment to drag-and-drop onto an application experience canvas. PBCs wrap integration, business logic, and analytical capabilities into reusable elements.
It’s like Lego bricks that kids use to build (compose) creations that are only limited by their imagination. The range of modular bricks enable the kids to, for example, create motion experience through packaged wheels, electric motors, gears and a range of other capabilities that take a few seconds to assemble. They have the option to follow the vendor’s assembly plans and build it as shown on the outside of the box. Alternatively, they only use elements of the original design and create their own unique instance that they can play with for a while before reconfiguring it into a new creation.
PBCs provide similar building blocks for the Composable Enterprise and bring built-in resilience, scalability and expertise.
Reference Model for Intelligent Composable Business Applications (https://www.gartner.com/document/3991699)
Since a PBC is built around business capabilities, it is easily recognized by a business user. This is different to a JSON file, for example, with comprehensive code and information that is only understood by an experienced developer.
Gartner describes PBCs in the reference framework as follows:
PBCs are encapsulated software components that represent a well-defined business capability, recognizable as such by a business user. Well-designed PBCs are:
Modular: Partitioned into a cohesive set of components.
Autonomous: Self-sufficient and with minimal dependencies to ensure flexibility in composition.
Orchestrated: Packaged for composition to assemble process flows or complex transactions through APIs, event interfaces or other technical means.
Discoverable: Designed with semantic clarity and economy to be accessible to business and technical designers, developers, and active applications.
Digital twins are a specific type of Application PBC in the framework for Composable Business Applications. Composable Digital Twins follow a similar development and usage patterns as the applications that they serve.
Now that we know what a Composable Business Application is, we can turn our attention to Composable Digital Twins. We mentioned above that it is an application-based “Packaged Business Capability”. Digital Twin PBCs are used to create unique application experiences to address target opportunities or challenges.
In “Digital Twins: The Ultimate Guide” I describe the 6 types of data and models that we can combine in different configurations to provide the real-time intelligence and decision support that we to reusable compose Digital Twin capabilities.
The 6 data types and models are:
Physics-based models (FEM, Thermodynamic, Geological)
Analytical Models (Predictive Maintenance)
Sensor and Time series data (IoT platforms and Historians)
Transactional data (ERP, EAM)
Visual Models (CAD, AR, VR, BPM, BIM, GIS, and GEO)
Master Data (EAM, AF, BPM)
The different configurations are “packaged” to create reusable business capabilities based on the underlying technologies of the 6 types. This now makes it accessible to a business user as a citizen developer, without needing to be a technology specialist.
Examples of these Packaged Business Capabilities (PBC) for Digital Twins are:
Time Series data ingestion, validation, anomaly detection and forecasting as an integration PBC
Real-time data updates from time-series data sources to a gaming engine or 3D visualization model
Integrating real-time sensor data and context data from a maintenance system to a Python scheduling and optimization algorithm
Integrating real-time IoT sensor data with GIS technology to create track-and-trace with geofencing capabilities.
These PBCs can now be used to compose tailored Digital Twins quickly and securely through a low-code composition and orchestration platform.
The business value of a Composable Digital Twin (CDT) is in the speed, resilience, and agility that it enables. Organizations need to respond quickly to business events that bring opportunity and risk. It is the backbone of the Continuous Intelligence capability, which is the business’ ability to respond to business events from:
the actions of people in your business
the actions of your competitors, customers, legislators or suppliers
external events such as pandemics and extreme weather
equipment breakdown, process failures, environmental events
the operational intelligence that you gather from your business applications, data sources and web services; and
more recently, the influx of information from the Internet of Things (IoT) with sensor-based or smart device machine-born data (IoT Platforms).
The World Economic Forum’s “Value at Stake” framework for Digital Transformation Initiatives (DTI) provides a model for measuring the value of a CDT in terms of the financial impact across multiple dimensions.
Typical Value at Stake calculation for Composite Digital Twins
The advantage of the Value at Stake (VaS) framework is that it measures the benefits of CDTs in financial indicators that are understood by executives, boards, and shareholders. These numbers can impact balance sheets and share prices and go beyond the “warm and fuzzy” metrics that are often used to describe technology benefits.
The VaS model is based on the practical measurements and quantification of the following elements:
The value of empowering your subject matter experts with low code composition tools to create their own CDTs without being an experienced developer
They can address the business problems firsthand without being a technology expert, but leverage state-of-the-art capabilities when composing CDTs
They can create new solutions in an iterative way, by composing and recomposing minimum viable Digital Twins until they have a problem/solution fit. See our 3-part series on the Lean Digital Twin
Your subject matter experts can compose new Digital Twin capabilities in days, rather than weeks or months, to address opportunities and risks in a quick and timely manner
A resilient composable architecture reduces the brittleness of traditional system and business application complexity, and the resulting cost of ownership
It removes bloatware or features that you pay for, but don’t use in traditional business and OT applications
It enables you to compose Digital Twins or your assets, processes, supply chains, or organization from the bottom up. You can compose Digital Twins based on business problems and aggregate the solution as you gain the benefits of each incremental step
A marketplace of preassembled CDTs based on PBCs reduces the complexity of composing Digital Twins
Custom CDT capabilities of modern composition platforms allow you to develop your own CDTs and PBCs that address the unique requirements of your use case
Create your own library of reusable CDTs with your own organizational IP as a competitive advantage for capabilities that make your organization unique. Use generic CDTs for capabilities that provide no competitive advantage.
CDTs maximize the opportunities from “Easy Wins” vs the risk of the “Big Bets”.
CDTs maximize the opportunities from “Easy Wins” vs the risk of the “Big Bets”.
Creating Packaged Business Capabilities (PCB) like Composable Digital Twins (CDT) typically require a low-code Application Composition framework to deliver quick time to Value at Stake.
XMPro’s Low Code solution provide the end-to-end capabilities for a Digital Twin Composition Platform. These capabilities include integration, composition, orchestration, development, and UX development in a single solution to create Digital Twin PBCs and more comprehensive Composed Digital Twin Experiences. XMPro manages the design and operation of Digital Twins across the lifecycle and can be compared to a composer who is also the conductor in an orchestra.
XMPro Digital Twin Composition Platform
The XMPro Data Stream Designed (DS) lets you visually design the data flow and orchestration for your Digital Twin compositions. Our drag & drop connectors provide reusable PBCs that makes it easy to bring in real-time data from a variety of sources, add contextual data from systems like EAM, apply native and third-party analytics and initiate actions based on events in your data.
XMPro Data Streams Designer with Packaged Business Capabilities
Examples of drag-and-drop Packaged Business Capabilities in XMPro DS
The XMPro App Designer is a low/no-code application and UX composition platform. It enables Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to create and deploy real-time Digital Twins applications without being programmers. XMPRO’s visual page designer enables you to compose custom page designs by dragging blocks from the toolbox onto your CDT, configuring their properties and connecting to your data sources, all without having to code. It provides integration, composition, orchestration and UX development capabilities in the XMPro Digital Twin Composition platform.
From drag-and-drop composition to production Digital Twins
The XMPRO App Designer integrates real-time data from XMPRO Data Streams with other business, operational or 3rd party data sources. Each block in your page designs can be connected to a different data source, enabling you to build apps that provide your team with comprehensive decision support from multiple systems. After publishing your app, your pages will update with live data.
XMPRO Recommendations in the App Designer, are advanced event alerts that combine alerts, actions, and monitoring. You compose recommendations based on business rules and AI logic to recommend the best next actions to take when a specific event happens. You can monitor the actions against the outcomes they create to continuously improve your decision-making.
Composable recommendation rules from real-time event data
The XMPro Digital Twin Composition platform provides an end-to-end capability to create, deploy, operate and maintain Composable Digital Twins at scale. The green process blocks show the data integration, validation, and storage requirements for real-time Digital Twins. The blue process blocks represent the analytics requirements of Composable Digital Twins, whereas the purple elements show the user interaction and actionable capabilities of XMPro’s Composable Digital Twins.
End-to-end Digital Twin development process in XMPro Digital Twin Composition Platform
References
Gartner, Use Gartner’s Reference Model to Deliver Intelligent Composable Business Applications, Natis et al., 14 October 2020.
Disclaimer
Gartner does not endorse any vendor, product or service depicted in its research publications, and does not advise technology users to select only those vendors with the highest ratings or other designation. Gartner research publications consist of the opinions of Gartner’s research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. Gartner disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to this research, including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
